Other complications. Prenatal screenings, including a sonogram, help detect potential birth defects and other potentially dangerous conditions. Complications during labor. Size of the uterus. Living in an enriching community that has parks, libraries and community centres for group activities and sports all play a role in developing the child's . As the blastocyst is hatched from the zona pellucida, it comes into contact with the endometrium. FALSE! Furthermore, environmental hazards early in pregnancy can disrupt the development of the fetal immune system. It is the process of receiving signals from external stimuli through sense organs and paying attention to them. Conversely, television -- even educational programs -- may have a negative impact on children's development. Abstract Introduction: Maternal nutritional and metabolic factors influence the developmental environment of the fetus. 4. The individual receives sense in terms of vision . Economic factors affect cognitive development in children. Sensation. (d)fetal growth factors: secreted by fetal tissue &act by autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Stimuli. The placenta (Greek, plakuos = flat cake) named on the basis of this organs gross anatomical appearance. Genetic . Environmental factors include maternal and paternal genetics, maternal size, and the capacity of the placenta to provide nutrients to the fetus. inadequate diets and prenatal care and are more likely to have children with behavioral problems. Key concepts -1. prenatal development, also called antenatal development, in humans, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth (or parturition). Women of higher socioeconomic group, 15-29 years old, and with 03 children were more likely to adequately use prenatal care. The human body, like that of most animals, develops from a single cell produced by the union of a male and a female gamete (or sex cell). Genetic variation, the genetic difference between individuals, is what contributes to a species' adaptation to its environment. Anemia during pregnancy can be a mild condition and . In most cases, it . PRENATAL Prenatal care is the regular health care women should receive from an obstetrician or midwife during pregnancy. Nutrition is a primary non-genetic factor affecting brain development. The study of development begins at the moment of conception The real "Amazing Race" Every human begins very simply with the meeting of one sperm and one ovum (egg). Gender. Placental weight is a commonly used measure to summarize placental growth and function. Other causes and risk factors that occur during or after pregnancy include infection (such as meningitis), genetic mutation, fetal or pediatric stroke, maternal health problems, premature birth and asphyxia. Anemia during pregnancy is especially a concern because it is associated with low birth weight, premature birth, and maternal mortality. Prenatal factors affecting child's motor development. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines . The egg and the sperm each contain 23 chromosomes, which make up our genes. The SlideShare family just got bigger . Figure 7.1 Performing Prenatal Screening. Figure 7.1 Performing Prenatal Screening. Environmental enrichment can strongly affect a child's cognitive development. The article deals with the problem of the influences on prenatal development. The environment in which the mother is living also has a major impact on infant development (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 2000; Haber & Toro, 2004). Surface proteins on the trophoblast known as trophinin interact with similar trophinin molecules on the endometrial surface. Genetic predisposition contributes to the likelihood of a disease developing and is not a direct cause of it. This plays a role in the differentiation of the trophoblast into two distinct layers: Environmental variables including parenting, culture, education, and social relationships also play a vital role. growth promoting- egf ( epidermal growth factor ), tgf (transforming growth factor ) , pdgf ( platelet derived growth factor ) , fgf ( fibroblast like growth factor) , ngf ( nerve growth Causes of intellectual disability can be divided into the following categories, listed here with their . . Lack of access to quality care during pregnancy, delivery and soon after birth can significantly, adversely affect outcomes for both mother and child, including contributing . The nurture factors as facilitators had communication and support from others as subthemes . 1. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 3% . Environmental Problems. Increased risk of cesarean birth. 1 Many of these . The study of development begins at birth. In one NIH study, women reported that the pandemic raised their stress levels, causing problems with childbirth, bonding with their babies, and breastfeeding. Many of the substances encountered in people's day to day life can be hazardous for . Environmental Influences. 8.1.2 Factors Affecting Prenatal Growth and Development Though all infants are expected to follow a 'normal' pattern of prenatal development, some factors might impinge normal growth. Disease states. Anatomical or gynecological issues. The mean rectal temperatures were elevated by 3.4C -4.0C. Children born into homelessness or . -3. Folate is the vitamin found naturally in certain foods like green leafy vegetables A type of B vitamin . However, in some cases the cause of a genetic disorder is not known. It includes increased risk of infection, death, and delayed cognitive development, leading to low adult incomes, poor economic growth and intergenerational transmission of poverty . Neural Tube Defects. Therefore, pregnant women (and partners) could be vulnerable to develop perinatal mental health illnesses. Maternal diet and nutrition 1. Prenatal development starts at conception and ends with the birth of your baby. These are mostly controllable. Prenatal screenings, including a sonogram, help detect potential birth defects and other potentially dangerous conditions. The second trimester marks a turning point for the mother . Neurological development continues postnatally with both growth and reorganization of . Risk factors can interfere with canalized processes that lead to the development of specific organs. NISHA MANE ASSOC. It can be caused by a chromosomal, hereditary, or environmental issue. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SUBMITTED TO ; MRS . It has long been understood that factors at the individual, family . Clefting of the lip . Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder caused by brain damage, often as a result of injury or abnormal development. folic acid) A human teratogen is an agent that alters the growth or structure of the developing embryo or fetus, thereby causing birth defects. Environmental variables can also play a major role in prenatal development. The prenatal development of a child has three different stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. Drug use during early pregnancy can affect the developing organs and limbs of the fetus. Occurring or existing before birth. In most cases clefting of the lip and palate can be repaired by surgery. They include: Economic factors. This is the outcome of specific genetic variations that are usually inherited from a parent. Title: Prenatal Development and Birth Created Date: 2/4/2008 7:05:56 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Other titles: Arial Calibri Wingdings Martin/Fabes, Discovering Child Development Office Theme 1_Martin/Fabes, Discovering Child Development 1) First Stage of Prenatal Development: Germinal Stage 2) The 2nd Stage: The Embryonic Stage Slide 3 Developmental Principles Stage . During that 9 month period it provides nutrition, gas exchange, waste removal, a source of hematopoietic . Children born into homelessness or . This union marks the beginning of the prenatal period . . The prenatal environment can affect child development if the unborn fetus is exposed to certain harmful substances or toxins. Pregnancy is a time of significant psychological change. nutrient intake - need for calories and nutrients Even one episode of drug use during this period can affect the development of your child. A predominant cause of hindered fetal brain development is maternal malnutrition, including placental insufficiency. Delayed fetal growth. The placenta a mateno-fetal organ which begins developing at implantation of the blastocyst and is delivered with the fetus at birth. This development generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have . Substance use-including cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs-can affect infant size. Drugs and other harmful environmental influences can also canalize development, usually in negative ways. The result of this discriminant analysis highlights distance, mother's education and age as the strongest determinants of the choice of MCH services, after adjusting for all other variables. Environmental factors are the external influences that affect cognitive development. An agent of small molecular size can be easily filtered through the glomerulus. However, it is important to remember that genetics is just one piece of the intricate puzzle that makes up a child's life. Folate-deficiency anemia. 1. that affect 2. Infertility can result from damage to reproductive organs that occurs with injury or disease. 4. Stress, anxiety, and depression can affect your health and the health of your baby.During the pandemic, many pregnant people said they felt lonely or had anxiety or PTSD. The effects of under-nutrition (and malnutrition) on the developing brain are long-lasting, leading to permanent deficits in learning and behaviour. Theories & factors affecting growth and development Aruna Naudasari . The way the mother eats has a major impact on prenatal development. Protein . Depending on many factors, this cleft may extend further into the oral cavity leading to a cleft palate. Children who are malnourished-not just fussy eaters but truly deprived of adequate calories and protein in their diet-throughout this period do not adequately grow, either physically or mentally. Dosage form factors. Sensation is a process in which a sensory receptor is stimulated producing nerve impulses that travel to the brain. The course of this pre-natal development is divided into three main periods: germinal embryonic and fetal. Women over 35 are more likely to have complications commonly associated with pregnancy regardless of age, including: an increased risk of developing high blood pressure or . Harmful toxins can cross the placenta and be transferred to the. As discussed in Chapter 1, a growing body of work has significantly strengthened understanding of the factors that influence mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development from well before a child is born through adolescence, the mechanisms through which they exert that influence, and the complex interactions among them. A teratogen is any disease, drug or other environment agent that can harm a developing embryo En espaol. Genetic predisposition refers to an increased likelihood of developing a disease as a result of an individual's genetic makeup. One example is pelvic inflammatory disease, an infection in the upper reproductive system; scar tissue from PID could block a woman's Fallopian tube (s) and prevent ovulation or pregnancy. Adequate nutrition, including supplementation plays a fundamental role in this rapid development of brain and cognition. Fetal heartbeat. -2. What are those sperm really doing in there? Prenatal risk factors include chronic maternal illness, certain maternal infections, toxin exposures and nutritional deficiencies. 6. Clearly, genetic influences have an enormous influence on how a child develops. Height of the fundus (top of the uterus), starting at 20 weeks of gestation. 4 A number of teratogens can harm the fetus, including: Maternal Drug Use: The use of substances by the mother can have devastating consequences to the fetus. Women who are pregnant are at a higher risk for developing anemia due to the excess amount of blood the body produces to help provide nutrients for the baby. Factors affecting fetal growth can be maternal, placental, or fetal. The schools they attend, the neighbourhood they live in, the opportunities offered by the community and their peer circles are some of the social factors affecting a child's development. Respiratory problems. Prenatal Development Ovum Phase - Shortest phase (11 to 14 d) - Cleavage -massive increase in cell number & decrease in cell size - Increase in DNA, with no protein synthesis - Fertilization to implantation Embryonic Phase - Formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, & endoderm - Starts of take form Fetal Phase - Starts to . Growth, size and development of the fetus. The life of a child starts inside of the mother's uterus. The molecular weight of a drug is very critical in its urinary elimination. cleft palate - An abnormality of face development leading to an opening in the palate, the roof of the oral cavity between the mouth and the nose. After approximately 12 weeks of gestation, the uterus can be felt through the abdominal wall. Physicochemical Properties of the Drug. During each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors can affect development. relational development, being related with the individual characteristics of the child, especially the temperament and resilience and with the quality of the social environment (Bradley & Caldwell, 1984). Taking drugs during pregnancy also increases the chance of birth defects, premature babies, underweight babies, and stillborn births. The environment in which the mother is living also has a major impact on infant development (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 2000; Haber & Toro, 2004). 1 Following the identification of . It takes about 40 weeks or nine months to create a new life, and your pregnancy is broken into three, 12-week . the impact of women's anxiety (and/or depression) during pregnancy has been found to extend into childhood and adolescence, as well as to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis, predicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) symptoms in 8-9 year old children [ 8 ]as well as alterations in hpa axis activation in 4 month Fetal nutrition also impacts on the development of key fetal endocrine systems such as the glucose-insulin and insulin-like growth factor axes. 18. Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, these changes can affect the quality of life (QOL) of pregnant women, affecting both maternal and infant health. Infections, including some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), may occur during pregnancy and/or delivery and may lead to complications for the pregnant woman, the pregnancy, and the baby after delivery.Some infections can pass from mother to infant during delivery when the infant passes through the birth canal; other infections can infect a fetus during the pregnancy. Use an action plan during pregnancy or after birth to find out if . Prenatal Development. Fetal factors affecting implantation. Stages of Prenatal development Zygotic (or Germinal) Stage 0-2 weeks Embryonic Stage 2-8 weeks Fetal Stage 9-40 weeks Chapter II- Child and Adolescent Period . Risk Factors Age Nutrition -Malnourished newborns have smaller brain cells and are more vulnerable to illnesses than well-nourished newborns. Children with malnutrition have reduced ability to fight infection and are more likely to die from common diseases such as malaria, respiratory infections and . Maternal factors include maternal size, weight, weight for height, nutritional state, anemia, high environmental noise exposure, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, or uterine blood flow. 2. maternal nutrition concerns about nutrition during pregnancy fall into basic areas, maternal weight gain and nutrient intake maternal weight gain - during pregnancy results from variety of factors: maternal dietary intake, prepregnancy weight and height, length of gestation, and size of fetus. 1) First Stage of Prenatal Development: Germinal Stage Conception to implantation Approximately 2 weeks Timeline Cell division or mitosis begins 24 hours post fertilization 2-3 days to reach uterus 12-16 cells = blastocycst Implantation fully complete after 2 weeks Thousands of cells Cell differentiation begins The first human teratogen identified in 1941 by an ophthalmologist, Norman Gregg, was maternal rubella infection in pregnancy, which produced a triad of defects (cataracts, heart malformations, and deafness) in the infants. Infant and child health are similarly influenced by sociodemographic and behavioral factors, such as education, family income, and breastfeeding, but are also linked to the physical and mental health of parents and caregivers. PROFESSOR D.Y.P.S.O.N SUBMITTED TO , MISS . The following complications are associated with eating disorders during pregnancy: Premature labor. The various physicochemical properties of drug that affect drug dissolution and its rate aresolubility, particle size, polymorphism, salt form, pseudopolymorphism, complexation, wettability, etc. These themes were divided into the PEN-3 categories: facilitators, barriers, and structural factors. Postnatal development can be broadly divided into the age categories of: Neonatal (birth to 1 month), Infancy (1 month to 2 years), Childhood (2 years to puberty), Puberty (12 years to mid-teens) and Young Adult a new category (late teens to early twenties).